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DIBAL-H is typically used in stoichiometric amounts and reacts with the carbonyl group of the substrate, forming an intermediate alkoxide or imide. This intermediate can then be hydrolyzed to yield the desired alcohol or amine product. The reaction is usually carried out at low temperatures (-78°C to -30°C) to control the reactivity and avoid side reactions.

One advantage of DIBAL-H over other reducing agents is its selectivity. It can selectively reduce esters to aldehydes, while leaving other functional groups, such as ketones or amides, unaffected. This selectivity makes DIBAL-H a valuable tool in organic synthesis, especially in the preparation of complex molecules.

However, DIBAL-H is a pyrophoric compound, meaning it can ignite spontaneously in air. Therefore, it should be handled with extreme care and used in a well-ventilated area or under inert conditions. Additionally, DIBAL-H is highly toxic and can cause severe burns upon contact with skin or eyes. Protective gloves, goggles, and a lab coat should be worn when working with this reagent.

In summary, Diisobutyl Aluminium Hydride (DIBAL-H) is a powerful reducing agent used in organic synthesis to selectively convert carbonyl compounds to alcohols or amines. Its reactivity and selectivity make it a valuable tool in the preparation of complex organic molecules, but its pyrophoric and toxic nature requires careful handling.